• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Device for facilitating the teaching of the Amharic language and for standardizing the writing thereof constituted by a computer keyboard comprising a set of keys, namely: a first group of n one-to-one keys corresponding to the most frequent n consonants or consonants 6, - a second group of one-to-one keys, with a ≤ n respectively corresponding to principal consonants in the order of 1, - a third group of one-to-one keys respectively corresponding to the consonants other than the main consonants or secondary consonants appearing under the order 6, and - a block of eight mute keys respectively corresponding to the eight orders, the actuation of one of the mute keys of this block before that of a one-to-one key corresponding to a primary consonant or a secondary consonant resulting in the printing of that primary or secondary consonant under the order corresponding to this layer mute.
    公开号:FR3023394A1
    申请号:FR1462579
    申请日:2014-12-17
    公开日:2016-01-08
    发明作者:Gilles Tugendhat
    申请人:Adn Access Data Networks；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] The present invention relates to a device for facilitating the teaching of the Amharic language and to standardize the writing. Such a device is more precisely constituted by a computer compartment adapted to the communication and printing of Amharic writing. This computer keyboard conventionally comprises a set of keys; the operation of one of these keys causes the transmission to a computer of a specific coded signal allowing the printing of an alphanumeric character associated therewith. Such a keyboard thus constitutes an input device of a computer and is combined with a matrix network consisting of a set of rows and columns that identifies each of the keys. The actuation of a key more precisely causes the establishment of an electrical contact between a line and a column of the matrix network such as to allow the transmission to the computer, via a microcontroller of the coded signal identifying the alphanumeric character. associated with that key and then the impression of that character. In such a system, the characters are stored according to an encoding. The most common Latin alphabet uses a 7-bit encoding that leaves a bit accessible for special characters including Amharic characters. Historically each language with special characters has created its encoding (of the ISO type). In order to overcome the lack of homogeneity and the problems of information transfer, a general encoding was defined in 1996 which fixes once and for all the encoding of the special characters of all 30 languages: it is the UTF 8. There are currently on the market several types of computer keyboards which have been designed for printing scripts specific to different languages such as, for example, the QWERTY keyboard for English-speaking countries or the QWERTY keyboard for French-speaking countries. phones.
    [0002] These keyboards, however, are generally adapted to alphabetic scripts in which the symbols represent sounds or phonemes and it is more difficult to design keyboards adapted to the syllabary writing in which the symbols represent syllables or to the alpha-syllable scripts which are located halfway between the alphabetical and the syllabic scripts and of which the Amharic writing is part. However, there is currently no keyboard suitable for printing Amharic writing likely to be universally used in a satisfactory manner. The Amharic language is a non-standard Semitic language spoken by 30 million people in Ethiopia, 70% of whom are illiterate, and the administrative vehicle. This language is commonly represented by the order of two hundred and seventy characters which comprise thirty-four consonantal roots or consonants each of which can be presented in eight states or principal orders, seven of which correspond to vowel-type declensions of simple vowels. while the eighth corresponds to a diphthong. The characters of the Amharic script are collated on the table in Appendix 1. To simplify in the context of this presentation the consonants having equivalent sonority or duplicates were collected so that the Amharic alphabet was considered has only 29 consonants, each of which can be in eight orders. The characters of the Amharic script thus simplified are collated in Table 1 bis. The first texts written in Amharic date from the fifth century, but this writing is now mastered only by intellectuals or even scholars, which contributes to a large extent to the very low level of education of this population. as much as the study of the Amharic language revealed a big gap between the alphabet and the practice of the language.
    [0003] To remedy this scourge it would be very useful to have a device to facilitate the teaching of the Amharic language and at the same time to allow to standardize the writing, especially a computer keyboard adapted to the impression of Amharic writing. Such a keyboard would indeed be a tool easily accessible to children and adults illiterate and therefore able to facilitate the teaching of the Amharic language, and thus to effectively fight against illiteracy.
    [0004] To achieve this goal, we have already had the idea to design keyboards based on the QWERTY keyboard on which the characters of the Amharic script are artificially broken down phonetically and can be reproduced and printed following the simultaneous or consecutive actuation. at least two keys.
    [0005] These keyboards are based on a special non-standardized software "Po- wer Gueuze" which makes it impossible to send emails. The encoding is indeed made in ISO format and therefore does not allow to transmit editable files.
    [0006] The use of a keyboard of this type is moreover reserved for a literate elite and specially trained "typists" who master hundreds of unposted combinations; it would therefore be desirable to be able to propose an alpha-syllabary computer keyboard adapted to Amharic writing accessible to as many people as possible, and in particular to children, and making it possible to reproduce a large proportion of the characters of this writing by acting only one key . Such a keyboard would indeed have many advantages among which we can note the possibility of a rapid teaching of Amharic and Internet uses, the creation of a vehicle for standardization of the Amharic language for Ethiopia or even the generalization of community access in Amharic on the net. The present invention aims to achieve this goal by providing a device for facilitating the teaching of the Amharic language and to standardize the writing constituted by a computer keyboard of the type mentioned above.
    [0007] The design of this keyboard is based on a fine statistical analysis of the Amharic language and writing that has covered eleven million characters in this writing and has confirmed the gap between the written language and the spoken language.
    [0008] The results of this analysis are grouped in Appendix 2 which lists the two hundred and twenty-nine characters of the Amharic script by defining each of them by the associated consonant and the order in which this consonant occurs and classifies these characters. depending on the number and frequency of their occurrences.
    [0009] This analysis revealed that of the two hundred and twenty-nine characters in the Amharic language, forty-six characters contained nearly 77% of the occurrences. An analysis of these forty-six characters further revealed that they contained only seventeen consonants or major cones, mostly in order 6, more rarely under orders 3 and 4, and even more so. This statistical study was then supplemented, again from the same eleven million characters, by a finer analysis, the results of which are summarized in Appendix 3, which lists the twenty-nine consonants of the Amharic script, whatever the order in which they occur and classify these consonants again according to the number and frequency of their occurrences. However, this second study found that the seventeen major consonants had 92.90% of the occurrences, whereas the other twelve consonants or minor consonants contained only 7.10%. According to the invention, this preliminary statistical study has made it possible to design a keyboard making it possible to reproduce a very large proportion (of the order of 80 °) / 0) of the characters of the Amharic writing by only one key, while the reproduction of the remaining characters (of the order of 20%) requires only the successive actuation of two keys, in respect of the organization of the language, and in an intuitive approach thereof . According to a first embodiment of the invention, such an Amharic keyboard is characterized in that it comprises: a first group of n one-to-one keys corresponding to the n most frequent consonants or main consonants appearing in the order 6 - a second group of one-to-one keys with an respectively corresponding to main consonants in order 1, - a third group of one-to-one keys respectively corresponding to the consonants other than the main consonants or secondary consonants in the order 6, and - a pad of eight mute keys corresponding respectively to the eight orders. These keys are silent because they have a role of composition in the creation of the character: indeed, the impulse of the key alone does not produce a character whereas its combination with a one-to-one key composes the consonant corresponding to this key and the selected order. Actuation of one of the mute keys of this pad of eight keys prior to the operation of a one-to-one key corresponding to a main consonant or a secondary consonant therefore causes this main or secondary consonant to be printed under the order corresponding to this mute key. According to this first embodiment of the invention, n is generally between 15 and 20 and is preferably equal to 17. a is in general between 12 and 20 and is preferably equal to 16.
    [0010] According to this first embodiment of the invention, the amharic keyboard also comprises a fourth group of b one-to-one keys, with ba respectively corresponding to b principal consonants being in the order of 4. In accordance with this first embodiment of The invention b is generally between 8 and 15 and is preferably equal to 11. The Amharic keyboard may also advantageously comprise at least one additional one-to-one key corresponding to a main consonant in the order of 3 or below. order 7.
    [0011] According to a preferred feature of this first embodiment of the invention, the Amharic keyboard comprises on the one hand a pad of eight mute keys corresponding respectively to the eight orders and on the other hand a set of fifty-eight one-to-one keys corresponding to fifty eight characters. This set of fifty-eight one-to-one keys comprises: - a first group of seventeen keys corresponding to seventeen main consonants being in the order 6, - a second group of sixteen keys corresponding to sixteen main consonants presenting themselves under the order 1, - a third group of twelve keys corresponding to twelve secondary consonants being in the order 6, - a fourth group of eleven keys corresponding to eleven main consonants being in the order of 4, and - a first associated key corresponding to a main consonant being in the order 3 and a second key annex corresponding to a main consonant being in the order 7. In accordance with the first embodiment of the invention the keys of this set fifty-eight one-to-one keys can advantageously be divided into four rows of keys, the keys of each group of keys being collected es on those rows so as to form blocks of contiguous keys respectively to each other. By way of example, the Amharic keyboard according to the first embodiment of the invention may advantageously comprise, going from left to right: a block corresponding to the second group of keys, a block corresponding to the fourth group of keys, 30 - a block corresponding to the first group of keys and - a block corresponding to the third group of keys. The mute keys of the keypad can be advantageously gathered at the bottom right of the Amharic keyboard.
    [0012] It should be noted that in such an Amharic keyboard, additional keys can be incorporated between two contiguous blocks of keys on the lower row of keys. This keyboard can also include other 5 additional keys such as punctuation keys. An Amharic keyboard corresponding to the first embodiment of the invention is shown in FIG. 1. According to FIG. 1, the Amharic keyboard essentially comprises a pad P of eight mute keys positioned at the bottom right of this keyboard, as well as a set of fifty-eight one-to-one keys 1 distributed in four rows a, b, c and d, respectively corresponding to fifty-eight characters of the Amharic script. The mute keys correspond respectively to the eight orders of the Amharic writing 15 The set of fifty-eight one-to-one keys 1 is broken down into four blocks of keys A, B, C and D going from the left to the right. The block A is constituted by a group of sixteen one-to-one keys corresponding to sixteen main consonants in the order of 1. The block B is constituted by a group of eleven one-to-one keys. Corresponding to eleven main consonants in the order of 4. The block C is constituted by a group of seventeen one-to-one keys 25 corresponding to seventeen main consonants in the order 6. The block D is constituted by a group of twelve one-to-one keys 20 corresponding to the twelve secondary consonants all of which are in the order 6. The key 2 corresponds to a main consonant occurring under the command 3 while the second ouche 3 corresponds to a main consonant being in the order 7. The keyboard further comprises a punctuation key T. A keyboard having such a geometry corresponds to a com35 promised very advantageous to meet two requirements a priori contradictory consisting to achieve a very fast typing speed by printing a large character set with only one touch. This keyboard makes it possible to print all the characters of a text in Amharic writing: - by activating only one key for 78.89 `) / 0 of the occurrences, - by pressing a command key mute then a one-to-one key, that is to say successively two keys for 21.11 ') / 0 of the occurrences, namely a one-to-one key corresponding to one of the seventeen main consonants for 16.18 `) / 0 occurrences and a one-to-one key corresponding to one of the twelve secondary consonants for 4.93% of the occurrences. In addition to the aforementioned statistical study, the analysis of Amharic language and writing was later supplemented and refined, and it was realized that this language also intrinsically includes eight vowels each with sound and can be associated with the eight orders, and that the main consonant that appears on line 13 of Appendix 1a (a) corresponds to the proper sounds of these vowels and can be deleted. 20 It follows from this refined analysis that on the table of consonants in Annex 1a the thirteenth line may be deleted so that the Amharic script may be considered to have in fact eight vowels and not twenty-nine but twenty-eight consonants, namely sixteen main consonants and twelve secondary consonants each presenting itself in eight orders comparable to the eight vowels. It also follows from that refined analysis that in the table in Annex 3, the Tier 10 and 18 characters which correspond to the 'consonant' in the thirteenth line of Annex 1a can also be deleted. From this analysis, we have had the idea according to a second preferred embodiment of the invention to simplify the Amharic keyboard corresponding to the first embodiment of the invention and to design an optimized Amharic keyboard based on its central part on the QWERTY keyboard and comprising at this level a keypad of forty-four one-to-one keys each corresponding to one of the sixteen main consonants thus defined being in a given order. This optimized keyboard also comprises, on the one hand, on the one hand, a pad of eight mute keys corresponding to the eight vowels or on the eight orders, and, on the other hand, on the right, a pad of twelve one-to-one keys corresponding to the twelve secondary consonants appearing under order 6. In such an optimized keyboard, the double operation of one of the mute keys causes the printing of the vowel itself whose sound appears on the key, while the actuation of one of the keys mute before that of a one-to-one key corresponding to a main consonant or a secondary consonant causes the printing of this main or secondary consonant in the order corresponding to this mute key.
    [0013] According to this second preferred embodiment of the invention, to make the central keypad correspond to the QWERTY keyboard which has forty-four keys, the table in Appendix 3 was analyzed and decided that on this keypad, each of the main consonants should appear on at least two one-to-one keys, under at least two different orders. It was thus necessary to delete from the first forty-seven characters of this table, in addition to the characters 10 and 18 which correspond to the "main consonant" appearing in the 13th line of Appendix 1a and therefore to two vowels, the character 46 which corresponds to the first secondary consonant. As a result, according to this second preferred embodiment, the invention relates to a device of the aforementioned type realized by admitting that one of the twenty-nine main consonants of Amharic writing actually represents eight vowels respectively associated with one of the eight orders so that this writing comprises eight vowels and twenty-eight consonants, namely sixteen main consonants and twelve secondary consonants can each be in eight order assimilable to eight vowels. Such a device is characterized in that the amharadic keyboard comprises: a central keypad based on the QWERTY keyboard and comprising forty-four one-to-one keys each corresponding to a main consonant in a given order, each of the sixteen main consonants appearing in the minus twice this under two different orders in this central block, - on the right side of the central block, a block of twelve one-to-one keys corresponding respectively to the twelve secondary consonants appearing under the order 6, and - to the left part of the central block a block of eight mute keys corresponding respectively to the eight orders and the eight vowels and respectively identified by the sounds of these vowels. It should be noted that in this Amharic keyboard corresponding to the second preferred embodiment of the invention, the double actuation of one of the mute keys causes the printing of the associated vowel while the actuation of one of these Mute keys before that of a one-to-one key corresponding to a main consonant or a secondary consonant causes the printing of this main or secondary consonant in the order corresponding to this mute key.
    [0014] According to this second embodiment of the invention, the one-key keys of the central keypad, the one-to-one keys of the right-hand keypad and the mute keys of the left-hand keypad are distributed in four rows so as to obtain a configuration similar to that of a QWERTY keyboard. .
    [0015] According to a preferred characteristic of this second embodiment of the invention, the central block comprises, going from left to right, three blocks of keys respectively contiguous with each other, namely: a block of fifteen one-to-one keys corresponding to fifteen main characters in the order of 1, - a block of eleven one-to-one keys corresponding to eleven main consonants in the order of 4, and - a block of sixteen one-to-one keys corresponding to the sixteen main consonants appearing under the order 6.
    [0016] It should be noted that in this keyboard the right block of the central block is located in the vicinity of the right block of the twelve one-to-one keys corresponding to the secondary consonants and that twenty-eight one-to-one keys corresponding respectively to the twenty-eight consonants of the Amharic writing presenting themselves. under order 6 are gathered at the right part of this keyboard. Such a configuration is likely to facilitate significantly the use of this keyboard. According to another characteristic of this second embodiment of the invention, the central block also comprises a first one-touch key corresponding to a main consonant in the order 3 and a second one-touch key corresponding to a consonant. In such an Amharic keyboard corresponding to the second preferred embodiment of the invention, the auxiliary keys may advantageously be positioned on the upper line and on the lower line of this keyboard. Other auxiliary keys can, of course, be incorporated in this keyboard without departing from the scope of the invention. An Amharic keyboard corresponding to the second preferred embodiment of the invention is shown in FIG. 2. According to FIG. 2, the Amharic keyboard comprises a set of keys distributed in four rows a; b; c and d. These keys are more precisely distributed on a central pad X based on the QWERTY keyboard, on a right pad Y and on a left pad Z. The central pad comprises forty-four one-to-one keys each corresponding to a main consonant appearing under a command given, the distribution of which will be described in more detail later in this paper. The right-hand pad Y comprises twelve one-to-one keys corresponding respectively to the secondary consonants appearing under the order 6.
    [0017] The left-hand block Z comprises eight mute keys corresponding respectively to the eight orders and eight vowels of the Amharic language. These keys are marked by the sound of these vowels.
    [0018] The central block X is designed so that each of the sixteen main consonants of the Amharic script appears there at least twice, under two different orders. This central block X more precisely comprises going from left to right three blocks of keys X1, X2, X3 respectively contiguous to each other. The left block X1 comprises fifteen one-to-one keys which correspond to fifteen main consonants in the order of 1. The central block X2 comprises eleven one-to-one keys which correspond to eleven main consonants in the order of 4. The right block X3 comprises sixteen one-to-one keys corresponding respectively to the sixteen main consonants in the order of 6. Given this configuration, the right block X3 and the right block Y are adjacent and contain twenty-eight keys respectively corresponding to the Eighteen main consonants of the Amharic alphabet are all in the order of 6. In addition to the aforementioned keys, the central pad X of the Amharic keyboard has a first one-touch key X4, which corresponds to a main consonant under the same key. order 3, located on the lower line b and a second one-touch key annex X5 located on the line su a greater than and corresponding to a main consonant in the order of 7. It should be noted that the embodiments shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 are only mentioned by way of example and have no limiting character of the invention. In particular, FIG. 3 represents an alternative embodiment of an Amharic keyboard in which the vowel pad Z 'is inserted into the QWERTY pad X' of the main consonants and the number of keys corresponding to these main consonants is decreased by 44. to 40. -5 - .., ,,,, 7 g- -, (.2 Q., <zh N I.
    [0019] 3 T- P 7! 7 7. g. - cr _a sh (e), in 3 5- - 5- '' '. ## EQU1 ## where ## EQU1 ## %> 1st order 7 "r; Y. Lai 'T'r 7E + -.% E 2nd order P 3rd order 4; .9-.> -At fourth order 2 e-: tz Po 20. p - ,. I, 7, f. 2, E + 2 ', - c2, 2, Seventh order, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 9, 7 -> i-i '- -el, r., n "s3 => C: heme order 'Do' xi. ';' 7: -z-> 1 -z -t. '-', i ->.: g. -. -%, e - .. = -z it -3i n -.E i} s 0 7th order .rz -.--. -e. 0 7, Do.; ip., e .1z ,,, .'1, ", g" I "P"> i -> ie ^ .1-> the 711:> ^ ". "RZ *: 3!" 8th order C51 N O Mrs. diphthong order 1..e. -c: r-: ^ :; d. ] c <.e-c G. 4: P. , ..- r. .L1 I <urr. 'Fr. zr. 1.1: r es- .ce. .xr. : r .: tc.r. Seventh order. 4 r. 4. * L- -! ..'-, .c. --- '..z. G, 2, F, e, z. IQ (-..-- E "1" .e's U 'r .IC. Heme order: - M <g, LC i..ç, a- ç .2 ..- .'i' ^ '' ' ## EQU1 ## The fourth order of the present invention is given in the following table: ## EQU1 ## ## EQU1 ##, ## EQU2 ## , r -, 4 -C -C e,,,,, 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4. ..c =, ... = e- -. F. rk zr 1.1 .:, E ecc-ee "'' r). Ir 3rd order ->" -e g'l N- ", -13: - -, Yr1 -e 1-1 ,, d 2. = '. ## EQU1 ## where: ## EQU1 ## ## EQU1 ## ## EQU1 ##, ## EQU1 ##, ## EQU1 ## 4. p., * 1st order gu z <, = ,, ..,. C # C # 14. e. &Numsp; &numsp; &numsp; &numsp; &numsp; &numsp; C, .rd Y = * N zh> -a DI & 1:: 5 el. B) 4- a 7 10 15 20 25 30 16 Appendix 2 Rank Character Number Frequency Cumul Consonant Order 1/539212 4.88% 4, 88% I / 6 2 * 463597 4.20% 9.08% ÷ 6 3 404866 3.66% 12.74% 1 4 n 365567 3.31% 16.05% n 1 Cee 325020 2, 94% 18.99% ap 1 6 CD-316598 2.87% 21.86% CD 6 7 C 310260 2.81% 24.67% ZL 6 8 (I 309576 2.80% 27.47% el 6 9 to 285247 2.58% 30.05% at 6 h 284822 2.58% 32.63% h 1 11 4. 267259 2.42% 35.05% -1-. 1 12 to 266572 2.41% 37, 46% to 1 13 P 257338 2.33% 39.79% CD 6 14 re 212236 1.92% 41.71% 1 4 204 204256 1.85% 43.56% I / 4 16 190017 1.72% 45 , 28% 1 6 17 184576 1.67% 46.95% 'f 6 18 th 183885 1.66% 48.61% h 6 19 C7 178042 1.61% 50.22% 7 6% 178018 1.61% 51.84% One 4 21 I / 172155 1.56% 53.39% I / 1 22 7 163642 1.48% 54.88% 7 1 23 g 158379 1.43% 56.31% g 1 24 Z 153990 1.39% 57.70% 1 41 145543 1.32% 59.02% n 6 26 erg 145023 1.31% 60.33% ZL 4 27 h 143880 1.30% 61.64% h 1 28 ii 132655 1.20% 62.84% to 4 29 g% 132360 1.20% 64.03% g. 6 to 131824 1.19% 65.23% to 1 31 131356 1.19% 66.42% CD 3 32 q 125784 1.14% 67.55% n 4 33 ÷ 113975 1 , 03% 68.59% --I-.
    [0020] 4 34 V 106176 0.96% 69.55% 0 6 35 h 96364 0.87% 70.42% h 6 36 CD 94873 0.86% 71.28% CD 1 37 (111 93568 0.85% 72, 12% (11 1 38 4 91931 0.83% 72.96% 4 1 39% 90205 0.82% 73.77% ai 6 40 43 72533 0.66% 74.43% CP 6 41 .9 69876 0, 63% 75.06% 7 4 42 11 69215 0.63% 75.69% h 4 43 tq 68995 0.62% 76.31% g 4 44 if 67821 0.61% 76.93% 0 7 45 and 66674 0.60% 77.53% l 4 46 66502 0.60% 78.13% 44 6 47 'f 65500 0.59% 78.73% 1 48 6 60991 0.55% 79.28% 3 49 and 58198 0.53% 79.80% to 2 50 Y) 56477 0.51% 80.32% ai 7 51 4-4 56293 0.51% 80.82% ii-c 1 52 efl 53358 0.48% 81, 31% 'fi 7 53 -1 51985 51985 0.47% 81.78% CD 4 54 --h 50013 0.45% 82.23% 4'4 2 55 Ut 47443 0.43% 82.66% U 2 56 f1) 46150 0.42% 83.08% ai 4 57 `L 43903 0.40% 83.48% g 3 58 H 43489 0.39% 83.87% H 1 59 h 42809 0.39% 84 26% h 4 10 15 20 25 30 18 60 C 41822 0.38% 84.64% Ce 7 61 el4 37192 0.34% 84.97% el 3 62 Ace 37058 0.34% 85.31% to 7 63 irt 36990 0.33% 85.64% ZL 2 64 36634 0.33% 85.97% Y 4 65 ft4 36363 0.33% 86.30% n 3 66) 36001 0.33% 86.63% C) 4 6 7 1 35732 0.32% 86.95% H 6 68 h 4 35449 0.32% 87.27% h 3 69 / 1- 34529 0.31% 87.59% / 2 70 T 32070 0.29% 87, 88% a) 3 71 31492 0.29% 88.16% 1 72 qa 29452 0.27% 88.43% I / 7 73 -E 28992 0.26% 88.69% 1 7 74 A-- " 28334 0.26% 88.95% at 3 75 ft 27857 0.25% 89.20% n 5 76 IL 27345 0.25% 89.45% H 3 77 OD- "26940 0.24% 89.69% year 2 78 'd 26217 0.24% 89.93% n 6 79 f} «25771 0.23% 90.16% n 2 80 eb 25541 0.23% 90.39% 7 2 81 24708 0.22% 90.62% 4 82 4eb. 24028 0.22% 90.83% gi 4 83 3 '23552 0.21% 91.05% 6 84 thread 23450 0.21% 91.26% h 7 85 ( z-23363 0.21% 91.47 % to 5 86 Y 22570 0.20% 91.67% (-) 4 87 P 22437 0.20% 91.88% CD 7 88 O 21076 0.19% 92.07% 0 6 89 Y 20987 0.19 % 92.26% 'f 4 35 10 15 20 25 30 19 90 ek 20095 0.18% 92.44% CP 2 91 4 19964 0.18% 92.62% in 4 92 `19554 0.18% 92 , 80% 2 93 18763 0.17% 92.97% 4 8 94 4-2 18585 0.17% 93.14% il-4 3 95 i 18567 0.17% 93.30% I / 5 96 Ft (18450 0.17% 93.47% 1- 5 97 4 18215 0.16% 93.64% That 5 98 h-18215 0.16% 93.80% h 2 99 0 17998 0.16% 93.96 % 0 1 100 17899 0.16% 94.12% Y 6 101 11) 17744 0.16% 94.29% H 5 102 (1 17679 0.16% 94.45% n 7 103 7 17674 0.16% 94.61% 0 4 104 1.) 17647 0.16% 94.77% V 1 105 7 17379 0.16% 94.92% T 7 106 7-4 17234 0.16% 95.08% 7 3 107 it 17200 0.16% 95.23% -1 4 108 '4 16867 0.15% 95.39% I / 3 109 g 16654 0.15% 95.54% 1.) 5 110 6Lb 16204 0.15% 95.68% al 6 111 (1. 15940 0.14% 95.83% to 2 112 rb 15042 0.14% 95.96% and% 3 113 and, 15025 0.14% 96.10% g 2 114 ab 14895 0.13% 96.24% a l 115l cf. 14650 0.13% 96.37% CP 7 116 A-. 14573 0.13% 96.50% A 6 117 T 13807 0.12% 96.63% T 6 118 Go 13518 0.12% 96.75% g 5 119 13110 0.12% 96.87% h 5 35 10 15 20 25 30 20 120 6b2, 12346 0.11% 96.98% ab 4 121 (1-1` 11790 0.11% 97.08% al 2 122 11704 0.11% 97.19% 2 123 al , 11619 0.11% 97.30% ali 5 124 te * 11311 0.10% 97.40% g 7 125 ell 10906 0.10% 97.50% el 7 126/10762 0.10% 97.59% 7 7 127 Y 10481 0.09% 97.69% Y 1228 11- "10434 0.09% 97.78% H 2 129 iqe 9892 0.09% 97.87% Y 7 130 TI '9672 0, 09% 97.96% 'Y 2 131 ck 9531 0.09% 98.05% and 3 132 eb 9510 0.09% 98.13% el 5 133' è '9404 0.09% 98.22% h4 1 134 9328 0.08% 98.30% 3 135 11 9202 0.08% 98.39% V 3 136 7922 0.07% 98.46% 1 -4 7 137 ti4 7449 0.07% 98.52% h 3 138 ab 7276 0.07% 98.59% (11 5 139 4- 6962 0.06% 98.65% 1 -4 2 140 fI 6939 0.06% 98.72% H 7 141 Y 6755 0 , 06% 98.78% T 4 142 5609 0.05% 98.83% ÷ 8 143 h 5413 0.05% 98.88% h 7 144 5144 0.05% 98.92% 7 8 145 5105 0, 05% 98.97% 1) 8 146 Ch 5088 0.05% 99.02% 4 5 147 n 4742 0.04% 99.06% n 1 148 h, 4409 0.04% 99.10% h 5 149 4 4359 0.04% 99.14% and 0.014% 99.18% a) 2,151 0-% 4210 0,04% 99,22% 0 2,152 al, 4201 0 , 04% 99.25% 6L1-3 153 to 4171 0.04% 99.29% n 3 154 (1-14041 0.04% 99.33% al 7 155 1. 3988 0.04% 99, 36% h 8 156 II 3807 0.03% 99.40% CD 8 157 3749 0.03% 99.43% Ïî 3 158 T 3525 0.03% 99.46% T 3 159 If 3461 0.03% 99 50% Ir 6 160 g 3445 0.03% 99.53% 7 161 3419 0.03% 99.56% 2 162 *. 3356 0.03% 99.59% A 8 163 "'3055 0.03% 99.62% 5 164 I 2656 0.02% 99.64% j1 5 165 r 2530 0.02% 99.66% ZL 8 166 el 2204 0.02% 99.68% 1-1, 7,167 e 2158 0.02% 99.70% 2,188 1870 0.02% 99.72% n 7,169 u, 1837 0,02 % 99.74% 5 170 L 1723 0.02% 99.75% / 8 171 h '1681 0.02% 99.77% h 2 172 1623 0.01% 99.78% 5 173 1442 0.01% 99.79% 5 174 1280 0.01% 99.81% el 8 175 1276 0.01% 99.82% 7 176 0 .1275 0.01% 99.83% Q 8 177 P 1214 0.01% 99.84% 0 7,178 TI 1198 0.01% 99.85% 1 179 cg 1123 0.01% 99.86% W 5 30 35 10 15 20 25 30 22 180 ab 1053 0.01% 99, 87% 611, 2181 q 938 0.01% 99.88% n 4 182 g- 935 0.01% 99.89% g 8 183 fp-. 901 0.01% 99.90% ai 8 184 821 0.01% 99.90% 0 8 185 T 807 0.01% 99.91% 'I' 1 186 'J 795 0.01% 99.92%' f '5 187 723 0.01% 99.92 % 3 188 and C 713 0.01% 99.93% rir 3 189 X 639 0.01% 99.94% n 5 190 irt 540 0.00% 99.94% n 5 191 11 ". 539 0.00% 99.95% Ir 4 192 538 0.00% 99.95% 4-4 8 193 U. 484 0.00% 99.95% H 8 194 477 0.00% 99.96% A 4,195 l / 470 0.00% 99.96% 0 5 196 Pla 414 0.00% 99.97% A 5 197 al .. 411 0.00% 99.97% mi 3 198 '- £ 406 0, 00% 99.97% j 3 199 X 397 0.00% 99.98% f 8 200 41 312 0.00% 99.98% n 6 201 T 195 0.00% 99.98% f 2 202 9_4 183 0.00% 99.98% 0 3 203 n 177 0.00% 99.99% n 7 204 165 0.00% 99.99% h 8 205 £ 160 0.00% 99.99% Y 5 206 T1 152 0.00% 99.99% TI 7 207 Tl 132 0.00% 99.99% fi 6 208 Ir 132 0.00% 99.99% elf 7 209 1 ,. 116 0.00% 99.99% n 8 35 10 15 20 23 210 1-ee-4- 105 0.00% 99.99% 8 211 'If 72 0.00% 100.00% 1-1' 1 212 fle 66 0.00% 100.00% flf 5 213 elf 62 0.00% 100.00% 'If 2 214 54 0.00% 100.00% eY 8 215 53 0.00% 100.00% al 8 216 51 0.00% 100.00% 2 217 "r1 40 0.00% 100.00%" fi 4 218 ar 35 0.00% 100.00% al) 5 219 9-4 34 0.00% 100.00% n 8 220 A4 32 0.00% 100.00% A 3 221 A 27 0.00% 100.00% A 1 222 22 0.00% 100.00% 3 223 A 13 0 00% 100.00% A 7 224 n- "11 0.00% 100.00% n 2 225 TL 5 0.00% 100.00% 'fi 3 226 3 0.00% 100.00% A 8 227 1X 2 0.00% 100.00% 'If 8 228 PO 0 0.00% 100.00% A 2 229 X 0 0.00% 100.00% T 8 Total 11048219 100.00% 25 30 35 Annex 3 Consonant Ranking çOccurrences Frequency toFrame Order 2 Order 3 Order 4 Order 5 Order 6 Order 7 Order 8 1 Î 1 1016761 9,20% 920% 172155 34529 16867 204256 18567 I 29452 1723 I- 2 987303 8.94% 18.14% 267259 50013 15042 113975 18450. ' 0.2597 53358 5609 tin 3 956535 8.66% 26.80% 32 '.- C.') 26940 131356 178018 11619 257338 22437 3807 Q 4 858742 7.77% 34.57% 43 '0' 19554 22 212236 3055 '11 -10017 28992 A 5 834783 7.56% 42.13% 255572 58198 28334 132655 23363 205217 37:50 3356 t ".. 6 76 £: 21 6.97% 49.09% 11-.6333 36990 6: 991 145023 18215 3102020 2530 fl 7 7415636 6.75% 55.84% 16; 1515 25771 125784 27857 145543 17679 1275 Ci 8 56291: 2 5,28% 61.12% 1310124 15940 37103 66674 9510 6019576 116993 1280 hr 9 567334 5.14 % 66.26% 20 122 1681 354 3 42809 13110 183885 5413 165 CD 10 557380 5.04% 71.30% D, 373 4254 32070 51985 1123 316598 56477 .11 11 472897 4.28% 7558% 25541 17234 69876 2656 1781.42 10762 5144 g 12 444426 4.02% 79.60% 1506 3 15025 43903 68995 13518 1162 0 0 11311 935 h 13 366970 3.32% 82.92% 1, 611113 18215 7449 69215 4409 063154 23450 3988 ii 14 292618 2 , 65% 8557% 17: = 7 47443 9202 22570 16654 106176 67821 5105 qt 15 286605 2.59% 88.17%: - .: 11 11704 723 20987 1442 184576 1276 397 + 16 268592 2.43% 90.601 ' ., 131 20095 9531 36001 5088 72533 14650 18763 in 17 254312 2.30% 92.90% 11790 411 46150 7276 90205 401 "901 e .-- 18 '165': .` ,. 1.68% 94.58% 1 '6962 18585 24028 4359 66502 538 H 19 1 i 1.44% 96.02% 10434 27345 17200 17744 35732 484 Y: 20 97672 0.88% 96.90% 31432 3419 9328 24708 1623 23552 3445 105 T 21 85198 0.77% 97.67% 10481 9672 406 36634 160 17899 9892 54 ri 22 64117 0.58% 98.25% 9404 2158 3749 19964 639 26217 1870 116 0 23 63646 0.58% 98 , 83% 17998 4210 183 17674 470 21076 1214 821 6x6. 24 50991 0.46% 9929% 14895 1053 4201 12346 35 16204 2204 53 -r 25 43263 0.39% 99.68% 807 195 3525 6755 795 13807 17379 0 A 26 15539 0.14% 33.112% 27.0 32 477 414 14573 13 3 ri 27 10925 0.10% 99.92% 4742 11 4171 938 540 312 177 34 -1-r 28 5047 0.05% 99.97% 72 62 713 539 66 3461 132 2 .r1 29 3415 0, 03% 1: 1: 1.00% 1198 51 5 40 1837 132 152 Totals 11048219 100.00% 1 3392393 461910 554382 1768512 224594 4100996 488244 57188
    权利要求:
    Claims (8)
    [0001]
    CLAIMS 1 °) Device for facilitating the teaching of the Amharic language and to standardize the writing which schematically comprises twenty-nine consonants that can be in eight orders, this device being constituted by a computer keyboard comprising a set of keys, and the operation of one of these keys causing the transmission to a computer of a specific coded signal allowing the printing of an alphanumeric character associated therewith, characterized in that the Amharic keyboard comprises: a first group of n one-to-one keys corresponding to the n most frequent consonants or principal consonants appearing in the order 6, a second group of one-to-one keys, with an respectively corresponding to the main consonants being in the order 1, a third group of one-to-one keys corresponding respectively to the consonants other than the main consonants or secondary consonants presenting under the order 6, and a pad of eight mute keys corresponding respectively to the eight commands, the actuation of one of the mute keys of this keypad before that of a one-to-one key corresponding to a main consonant or a consonant secondary causing the printing of this main or secondary consonant in the order corresponding to this mute key.
    [0002]
    2 °) Device according to claim 1, characterized in that n is between 15 and 20 and is preferably equal to 17, and a is between 12 and 20 and is preferably equal to 16.
    [0003]
    3) Device according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the Amharic keyboard comprises a fourth group of d one-to-one keys with ba respectively corresponding to b main consonants being in the order 4, b being between 8 and 15 and preferably being 11.
    [0004]
    4) Device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the Amharic keyboard comprises: on the one hand a pad of eight mute keys respectively corresponding to the eight orders, and on the other hand a set fifty-eight one-to-one keys corresponding to fifty-eight characters, namely: * a first group of seventeen keys corresponding to seventeen main consonants being in the order of 6, * a second group of sixteen keys corresponding to sixteen main consonants in the order 1, * a third group of twelve keys corresponding to twelve secondary consonants in the order 6, * a fourth group of eleven keys corresponding to eleven main consonants under order 4, and * a first auxiliary key corresponding to a main consonant being in the order 3 and a second key annex corresponding to a main consonant is presented under order 7.
    [0005]
    5 °) Device according to claim 1, realized by admitting that one of the twenty-nine main consonants of Amharic writing represents eight vowels respectively associated with one of eight orders so that this writing has eight vowels and twenty Eight consonants namely sixteen main consonants and twelve secondary consonants each of which can be presented in eight orders comparable to the eight vowels, characterized in that the Amharic keyboard comprises: a central keypad based on the QWERTY keyboard and comprising forty-four one-to-one keys corresponding each to a main consonant presented in a given order, each of the sixteen main characters appearing at least twice in this central block, on the right side of the central block, a block of twelve one-to-one keys corresponding respectively to the secondary consonants appearing under the order 6, and on the left side of the central pavement, a pavement of eight touc mute hes respectively corresponding to the eight orders and the eight vowels and respectively marked by the sounds of these vowels, the double actuation of one of these mute keys causing the printing of this vowel while the actuation of one of the keys previously dubbed to that of a one-to-one key corresponding to a main consonant or a secondary consonant causes the printing of this main or secondary consonant in the order corresponding to this mute key.
    [0006]
    Device according to claim 5, characterized in that the one-key keys of the central keypad, the one-to-one keys of the right keypad and the one-to-one keys of the left keypad are distributed over four rows.
    [0007]
    7 °) Device according to any one of claims 5 and 6, characterized in that the central block comprises, going from left to right, three blocks of 25 keys respectively contiguous to each other, namely: a a block of fifteen one-to-one keys corresponding to fifteen main consonants in the order of 1, a block of eleven one-to-one keys corresponding to eleven main consonants in the order of 4, and a block of sixteen one-to-one keys corresponding to the sixteen main characters in the order 6.
    [0008]
    8 °) Device according to claim 7, characterized in that the central keypad comprises a first one-touch key appendix corresponding to a main consonant is in the order 3 and a second key one-to-one annex corresponding to a main consonant under the order 7.5
    类似技术:
    公开号 | 公开日 | 专利标题
    FR3023394A1|2016-01-08|DEVICE FOR FACILITATING THE TEACHING OF THE AMBARIC LANGUAGE AND NORMALIZING THE WRITING
    AT507455A1|2010-05-15|METHOD FOR ENTERING DATA
    Ansaldo2010|Contact and Asian varieties of English
    McCafferty et al.2012|A corpus of Irish English correspondence |
    Mair2011|Corpora and the new Englishes Using the ‘Corpus of Cyber-Iamaican’to explore
    Andersen2012|Semi-automatic approaches to Anglicism detection in Norwegian corpus data
    Johanson2013|Written language intertwining
    Ehret2016|An information-theoretic approach to language complexity: variation in naturalistic corpora
    Bowen2019|Unfolding choices in digital writing: A functional perspective on the language of academic revisions
    Carrasco et al.2015|Diphrastic Kennings on the Cascajal Block and the Emergence of Mesoamerican Writing
    Milroy2005|Some effects of purist ideologies on historical descriptions of English
    FR3023393A1|2016-01-08|DEVICE FOR FACILITATING THE TEACHING OF THE AMBARIC LANGUAGE AND NORMALIZING THE WRITING
    Tatman2016|“I’ma spawts guay”: Comparing the Use of Sociophonetic Variables in Speech and Twitter
    Akujobi et al.2021|A COMPUTER-MEDIATED DISCOURSE ANALYSIS ON UNDERGRADUATES’FACEBOOK AND WHATSAPP
    Kriaučiūnienė et al.2016|An inquiry into the processes of lexical expansion in current English
    KR20100129032A|2010-12-08|Method for slang filtering for korean language
    CN103164042A|2013-06-19|Method for inputting Greek letters
    Carey et al.2019|Charms, Charmers and Charming in Ireland: From the Medieval to the Modern
    Dorfmann-Lazarev2021|Apocryphal and esoteric sources in the development of Christianity and Judaism: the Eastern Mediterranean, the Near East, and beyond
    Snyder-Renfro2019|Leaving the Cave: Transformative Learning for Generation Z with Social Emotional Learning
    Reynolds2019|Eternal Present Tense: The New Journalism Moved beyond Basic Needs to Tell Deeper Narratives about Chicago’68
    Verlato2015|The Challenge of Polysynthesis: Wilhelm von Humboldt and early comparative Americanist linguistics
    Stehwien et al.2016|Native Language Identification Across Text Types: How Special Are Scientists?
    CN103164041A|2013-06-19|Method for inputting Russian letters
    MORRISON et al.2016|Introduction: Charlotte Brontë from the beginnings: New essays from the juvenilia to the major works
    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    US20160005330A1|2016-01-07|
    EP2963525A1|2016-01-06|
    FR3023394B1|2017-12-29|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    CH637573A5|1982-04-06|1983-08-15|Ras Terrefe Work|Machine for typing in Ethiopian|
    US20090179778A1|2008-01-13|2009-07-16|Aberra Molla|Ethiopic character entry|
    US20130057478A1|2011-09-06|2013-03-07|Gudato Rahmato|Ethiopic computer keyboard|
    US20110171617A1|2010-01-11|2011-07-14|Ideographix, Inc.|System and method for teaching pictographic languages|CN104350067A|2012-04-10|2015-02-11|牛津纳米孔技术公司|Mutant lysenin pores|
    GB201313477D0|2013-07-29|2013-09-11|Univ Leuven Kath|Nanopore biosensors for detection of proteins and nucleic acids|
    US10266885B2|2014-10-07|2019-04-23|Oxford Nanopore Technologies Ltd.|Mutant pores|
    EP3137490B1|2014-05-02|2021-01-27|Oxford Nanopore Technologies Limited|Mutant pores|
    AU2015310913B2|2014-09-01|2021-04-01|Oxford Nanopore Technologies Limited|Mutant CsgG pores|
    GB201502809D0|2015-02-19|2015-04-08|Oxford Nanopore Tech Ltd|Mutant pore|
    EP3283887B1|2015-04-14|2021-07-21|Katholieke Universiteit Leuven|Nanopores with internal protein adaptors|
    US10976300B2|2015-12-08|2021-04-13|Katholieke Universiteit Leuven|Modified nanopores, compositions comprising the same, and uses thereof|
    KR102222192B1|2016-03-02|2021-03-02|옥스포드 나노포어 테크놀로지즈 리미티드|Mutant pore|
    EP3440098A1|2016-04-06|2019-02-13|Oxford Nanopore Technologies Limited|Mutant pore|
    KR101791929B1|2016-09-23|2017-10-31|신성이노테크|Integrated keyboard for inputting multiple languages|
    法律状态:
    2015-11-26| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |
    2016-01-08| PLSC| Publication of the preliminary search report|Effective date: 20160108 |
    2016-12-26| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    2017-12-21| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 |
    2019-12-30| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 6 |
    2020-12-15| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 7 |
    2021-12-28| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 8 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1456324A|FR3023393A1|2014-07-02|2014-07-02|DEVICE FOR FACILITATING THE TEACHING OF THE AMBARIC LANGUAGE AND NORMALIZING THE WRITING|
    FR1462579A|FR3023394B1|2014-07-02|2014-12-17|DEVICE FOR FACILITATING THE TEACHING OF THE AMBARIC LANGUAGE AND NORMALIZING THE WRITING|FR1462579A| FR3023394B1|2014-07-02|2014-12-17|DEVICE FOR FACILITATING THE TEACHING OF THE AMBARIC LANGUAGE AND NORMALIZING THE WRITING|
    US14/752,140| US20160005330A1|2014-07-02|2015-06-26|Device for teaching the amharic language|
    EP15174331.7A| EP2963525A1|2014-07-02|2015-06-29|Device for facilitating the teaching of the amharic language and standardising the writing thereof|
    [返回顶部]